RESPON KRITIS ATAS PERTANYAAN “APAKAH BUDDHA MENGAJARKAN KELAHIRAN KEMBALI?”
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58762/jupen.v15i1.66Kata Kunci:
Kelahiran Kembali, Punabbhava, Jiwa, Atma, Filsafat India, Agama BuddhaAbstrak
Teori tentang kelahiran kembali memang diterima secara luas dalam filsafat India, yang umumnya berkaitan dengan konsep jiwa yang berlanjut dari kehidupan ke kehidupan. Karena Buddha menolak teori jiwa yang kekal dengan memberikan ajaran Anatta, maka banyak pertanyaan muncul apakah Buddha mengajarkan kelahiran kembali. Beberapa orang menganggap bahwa Buddha menerima ajaran kelahiran kembali karena itu sudah populer di tradisi-tradisi sebelum Buddhis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penjelasan kritis mengenai pertanyaan apakah Buddha mengajarkan kelahiran kembali. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan kajian kepustakaan dengan mengumpulkan informasinya dari kitab Kanon berserta kitab Komentarnya. Penelitian ini menghasilkan penjelasan komprehensif mengenai ajaran kelahiran kembali yang diajarkan oleh Buddha, yang begitu khas dan berbeda dengan teori kelahiran kembali yang diajarkan oleh tradisi-tradisi India lainnya. Ajaran kelahiran kembali (punabbhava) yang diajarkan Buddha tidak ada kaitannya dengan entitas eksternal seperti Brahma, Jagadātma, atau, dewa, juga tidak ada kaitannya dengan entitas internal seperti ātma, pudgalātma, atau jiwa. Ajaran-ajaran yang berkenaan dengan kelahiran kembali dapat ditemukan di banyak khotbah, khususnya berkaitan dengan teori Karma.
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